Beginner Topic 292 of 1102 States of Matter & Solutions
Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given solvent at a certain temperature.
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In-depth explanation of Solubility
Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure, giving a saturated solution at equilibrium. It is often reported in grams per 100 mL of solvent or in moles per litre. Solubility depends on temperature, on the nature of the solute and solvent, and, for gases, on pressure. The solubility curve for a substance shows how its solubility changes with temperature and is useful for predicting crystallization. Solubility is also a key property in chemical separations and in pharmaceutical formulation.
Going deeper: Solubility
Key ideas: Express solubility as g per 100 g of water or mol/L. For sparingly soluble salts use Ksp, e.g. AgCl Ksp = 1.8 x 10^-10 gives s about 1.3 x 10^-5 M. Rules: nitrates and group 1 salts are soluble; most carbonates and hydroxides are not. Precipitation occurs if Q exceeds Ksp.
Common mistakes and connections: A usual error is treating solubility in different units as equivalent, or assuming that solubility always increases with temperature; gases and some salts like Li2SO4 are exceptions. Another is confusing solubility with the rate of dissolving, which depends on surface area and stirring. Links to saturated solutions, Ksp, common ion effect and Henry's law.
Visualization of Solubility
Solubility curves: KNO3 rises sharply with temperature, NaCl barely changes, and cerium sulfate falls because dissolving is exothermic. The interactive lesson shows this as a live animation or chart.
Worked example and use case
About 36 g of sodium chloride dissolves in 100 g of water at 25°C, which is close to its saturation limit at that temperature.
Frequently asked questions about Solubility
What is Solubility?
The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given solvent at a certain temperature.
Is Solubility a beginner, intermediate or advanced topic?
Solubility is a beginner topic in States of Matter & Solutions. It needs no earlier chemistry lessons and is a good starting point.
What should I learn before Solubility?
Study these earlier topics in States of Matter & Solutions first: Liquid Crystals, Solution, Solute and Solvent.
What comes after Solubility?
The next topics in States of Matter & Solutions are Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated and Like Dissolves Like.
Can I practise Solubility with quizzes?
Yes. The interactive lesson includes a self-check question on Solubility, and the States of Matter & Solutions quiz draws on every topic in this area.
Where Solubility fits in States of Matter & Solutions
Solubility is topic 73 of 109 in States of Matter & Solutions.