Beginner Topic 290 of 1102 States of Matter & Solutions
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of solute dissolved in a solvent.
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In-depth explanation of Solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance, the solute, is dispersed at the molecular or ionic level throughout another, the solvent. Solutions can be gaseous, liquid or solid, and their properties depend on the composition of the mixture. The concentration can usually vary continuously within the limits of solubility, which distinguishes solutions from compounds with fixed ratios. Solutions are transparent and do not separate on standing, unlike suspensions and colloids. Many chemical and biological processes take place in solution.
Going deeper: Solution
Key ideas: Key distinction: a solution is homogeneous, passes through filter paper, shows no Tyndall effect and is stable. Particle size is below 1 nm. Composition is described by concentration units such as molarity, molality, mole fraction and mass percent. Types are named by phases: gas in liquid like soda, liquid in liquid like vinegar, solid in solid like alloys.
Common mistakes and connections: Students think a solution must be a liquid, or that it must be clear and colourless. Copper sulfate solution is clear and blue. Another error is believing that any mixture is a solution; suspensions and colloids differ. Volume is often not additive when mixing: 50 mL ethanol and 50 mL water give about 96 mL. Links to solubility, colloids and concentration units.
Visualization of Solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture with solute dispersed molecule by molecule through a solvent; saline is about 0.9% salt in water. The interactive lesson shows this as a live animation or chart.
Worked example and use case
Air is a gaseous solution of mainly nitrogen and oxygen, while brass is a solid solution of zinc in copper.
Frequently asked questions about Solution
What is Solution?
A homogeneous mixture of solute dissolved in a solvent.
Is Solution a beginner, intermediate or advanced topic?
Solution is a beginner topic in States of Matter & Solutions. It needs no earlier chemistry lessons and is a good starting point.
What should I learn before Solution?
Study these earlier topics in States of Matter & Solutions first: Schottky Defect, Frenkel Defect, Liquid Crystals.
What comes after Solution?
The next topics in States of Matter & Solutions are Solute and Solvent and Solubility.
Can I practise Solution with quizzes?
Yes. The interactive lesson includes a self-check question on Solution, and the States of Matter & Solutions quiz draws on every topic in this area.
Where Solution fits in States of Matter & Solutions
Solution is topic 71 of 109 in States of Matter & Solutions.